Elemental and Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Matter Transformation during Forced Aeration of In-Vessel Composting
This work examines the spectral, elemental and SEM images of compost from different blends obtained from food waste. Four composting bins, each of 100 L capacity, were installed with holes at various depths for probes and leachate collection system. The bins (length 50 cm, width 40 cm, height 50 cm) were placed horizontally with a slight inclination to permit the collection of leachate. The blends were prepared from food waste, cow dung and saw dust as bulking agent. The evaluation studies included the operational indices such as temperature, pH, moisture content, compost maturity indices like carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio, sulphur, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. SEM images revealed a reduction in the easily assimilated peptide and carbohydrate components. The germination index for tomato seed was above 60% after dark room studies, showing that the final compost was not phytotoxic.
Abdelmajid Jouraiphy, Soumia Amir Mohamed El Gharous, Jean-Claude Revel and Mohamed Hafidi (2005). Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of organic matter transformation during composting of sewage sludge and green plant waste. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 56: 101- 108.
Bhattacharyya, P., Chakrabarti, K. and A. Chakraborty (2005). Microbial biomass and enzyme activities in submerged rice soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and decomposed cow manure. Chemosphere, 60(3): 310-318.
Caballero, J.A., Font, R., Marcillam, A. and J.A. Conesa (1995). New kinetic model for the thermal decomposition of heterogeneous materials. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 34: 806-812
Hagerty, J.D., Pavoni, J.L. and J.E. Heer (1973). Solid Waste Management. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, 230 p.
Joung-Dae Kim I, Joon-Seok Park, Byung-Hoon In, Daekeun Kim and Wan Namkoong (2008). Evaluation of Pilot-Scale In-Vessel Composting for Food Waste Treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154(1-3): 272-277.
Liao, P.H., Jones, L., Lau, A.K., Walkemeyer, S., Egan, B. and N. Holbek (1996). Composting of fish wastes in a full-scale in-vessel system. Bioresource Technology, 59:163-168.
Marek Stelmachowski, Magdalena Jastrzbska and Roman Zarzycki (2003). In-vessel composting for utilizing of municipal sewage-sludge. Applied Energy, 75(3-4): 249- 256.
Masafumi Tateda, Le Duc Trung, Nguyen Viet Hung Michihiko Ike · Masanori Fujita (2002). Comprehensive temperature monitoring in an in-vessel forced aeration. J Mater Cycles Waste Management, 4: 62-69.
Neklyudov, A.D., Fedotov, G.N. and A.N. Ivankin (2006). Aerobic Processing of Organic Waste into Composts. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 42(4): 341-353.
Pace, M.G., Miller, B.E. and K.L. Farrell-Poe (1995). The composting process. Utah State University Extension. Series Volume. 99-109 p.
Polprasert, C. (1996). Organic Waste Recycling – Technology and Management. Wiley, Chichester, England.
Soumia Amira, Mohamed Hafidia, Georges Merlinab and JeanClaude Revel (2005). Structural characterization of fulvic acids during composting of sewage sludge. Process Biochemistry, 40: 1693-1700.
Tandon, H.L.S. (1999). Organic Fertilisers and Biofertilisers: A Techno-Commercial Source Book. FDCO Publication, New Delhi. 26 p.
Tiquia, M.N., Tama, F.Y. and I.J. Hodgkis (1996). Effects of Composting on phytotoxicity of Spent Pig-Manure Sawdust Litter. Environmental Pollution, 93(3): 249-256.
Tomati, U. and E. Galli (1995). Bioremediation of olive waste waters by composting. Waste Management and Research, 13: 509-518.
Ying Zhao, Juan Kang and Tianwei Tan (2006). Salt-, pH- and temperature-responsive semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel based on poly (aspartic) and poly (acrylic) acid. Polymer, 47: 7702-7710.
Zucconi, F., Forte, M., Monaco, A. and M. De Bertoldi (1981). Biological evaluation of compost maturity. Bio Cycle, 22: 27-29.