Studies on Ambient Air Quality Status of Kolhapur City, Maharashtra, India during Year 2013
Air pollution is an emerging public health problem in developing countries. Urban activities create more pollution in comparison to rural activities. This paper assesses the ambient air quality status in urban residential area of Kolhapur city. Three sites viz. Shivaji University (SU), Dabholkar Corner (DC) and Mahadwar Road (MR) were selected to spotlight an overview of the total air quality of this region under Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) sponsored National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Project (NAAQM). The air quality was assessed based on measuring four air pollutants namely sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). From these three areas, two areas viz., Dabholkar Corner (DC) and Mahadwar Road (MR), the average concentrations of RSPM and SPM exceeded the prescribed limits of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), New Delhi. The average concentrations of air pollutants at Dabholkar Corner and Mahadwar Road areas were higher than that of Shivaji University area. Apart from this the SO2 and NOx levels in all three areas remain under prescribed limits of CPCB, New Delhi. The average AQI of Dabholkar Corner and Mahadwar Road areas were found higher than the Shivaji University area. The AQI found to be less during rainy season (June to August). As per AQI calculated, the areas viz. Dabholkar Corner and Mahadwar Road have severe air pollution whereas the area Shivaji University has moderate air pollution.
Ali, M. and M. Athar (2008). Air pollution due to traffic, air quality monitoring along three sections of National Highway N-5, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess, 136: 220.
Barman, S.C., Kumar, N., Singh, R., Kisku, G.C., Khan, A.H., Kidwai, M.M., Murthy, R.C., Negi, M.P.S., Pandey, P., Verma, A.K., Jain, G. and S.K. Bhargava (2010). Assessment of urban air pollution and it’s probable health impact. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(6): 913-920.
Bhuyan, P.K., Samantray, P. and S.P. Rout (2010). Ambient Air Quality Status in Choudwar Area of Cuttack District. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(3): 343.
Binder, R.E., Mitchell, C.A., Hosein, H.R. and A. Bouhyus (1976). Importance of the indoor environment in the air pollution exposure. Arc. Environ. Health, 31: 277-279.
Boyd, J.T. (1960). Climate, Air Pollution, and mortality. Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 14: 123-135.
CPCB and MoEF [Central Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India] (2004). Guidelines for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring. National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Series: NAAQMs 2003-04.
CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) (2009). National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Gazette Notification, New Delhi.
CPCB and MoEF (Central Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India) (2011), Guidelines for the Measurement of Ambient Air Pollutants. Volume I, Guidelines for Manual Sampling & Analyses, NAAQS Monitoring & Analysis Guidelines.
Curtis, L., Rea, W., Smith-Willis, P., Fenyves, E. and Y. Pan (2006). Adverse health effects of outdoor air pollutants. Environ. Intern., 32: 815-830.
Dockery, D.W., Pope, C.A., Xu, X., Spengler, J.D., Ware, J.H., Fay, M.E., Ferris, B.G. and F.E. Speizer (1993). An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six US Cities. NEngl J Med, 329: 1753-1759.
Ghose, M.K., Paul, R. and R.K. Banerjee (2005). Assessment of the Status of Urban Air Pollution and Its Impact on Human Health in the City of Kolkata. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 108: 159.
Gunasekaran, R., Kumaraswamy, K., Chandrasekaran, P.P. and R. Elanchezhian (2012). Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality in Salem City, TamilNadu. International Journal of Current Research, 4(3): 280.
Jayaraman, G.N. (2007). Air quality and respiratory health in Delhi. Environ. Monit. Assess. DOI 10.1007/s 10661- 007-9651-0.
Joshi, P.C. and M. Semwal (2011). Distribution of air pollutants in ambient air of district Haridwar (Uttarakhad), India: A case study after establishment of State Industrial Development Corporation . International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(1): 237-243.
Kazimuddin, A. and L. Banerjee (2000). Fighting for Air. Down to Earth, July 31.
KMC (Kolhapur Municipal Corporation) (2009) . Environmental Status Report, 2008–2009.
Liu, D, Knewski, S., Shi, Y., Chen, Y. and R.T. Burnett (2003) . Association between gaseous ambient air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, British Columbia. Environ. Hlth. Persp., 111: 1773-1778.
Merbitz, H., Buttstädt, M., Michael, S., Dott, W. and C. Schneider (2012). GIS-Based Identification of Spatial Variables Enhancing Heat and Poor Air Quality in Urban Areas. Applied Geography, 33: 94.
Nandasena, Y.L.S. , Wickremasinghe, A.R. and N.S. Nandasena (2010). Air Pollution and Health in Sri Lanka: A Review of Epidemiologic Studies. BMC Public Health, 10: 300-310.
Panda, B.K. and C.R. Panda (2012). Estimation of Ambient Air Quality Status in Kalinga Nagar Industrial Complex in the District of Jajpur of Odisha. Internationals Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(2): 767.
Park, K. (2009). Park’s text book of preventive and social medicine. Banarasidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur, India. 20th ed. Science Daily (November 19, 1999).
Rao, C.S. (1993). Environmental pollution control. Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.
RTO Kolhapur (2011). Number vehicles in the Kolhapur. Regional Transport Office, Kolhapur.
Silva, C.B.P., Saldiva, P.H.N., Amato-Lourenço, L.F., Rodrigues-Silva, F. and S.G.E.K. Miraglia (2012) . Evaluation of the air quality benefits of the subway system in São Paulo, Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management, 101: 191.
Steinberg, J.J., Janet, L. and D.G. Gilson (1991) . The Pathobiology of Ozone—Including Damage. Arc. Environ. Health, 46: 80-87.
Vineis, P., Foraster, F., Hoek, G. and M. Lippsett (2004). Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer: Recent epidemiological evidence. Int. J. Cancer, 111: 647-652.
Yadav, S.K., Kumar, V. and M.M. Singh (2012). Assessment of Ambient Air Quality Status in Urban Residential Areas of Jhansi City and Rural Residential Areas of Adjoining Villages of Jhansi City. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, III(I): 280-285.
Zlauddin, A. and N.A. Siddique (2006). Air quality index (AQI)—A tool to determine ambient air quality. Pollution Research, 25: 885-887.