Seasonal Variability of the Water Residence Time in the Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia

Mochamad Saleh Nugrahadi; Kurt Duwe; Friedhelm Schroeder; Dirk Goldmann

doi:10.3233/AJW-2013-10_1_10

A Lagrangian particle tracer method embedded within a 3-D finite difference hydrodynamic model is used to study the transport and exchange processes in a semi-enclosed water of Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia. The 3-D hydrodynamic model forcing functions consist of tidal elevation at north and east open boundary, river discharge of Brantas River estuaries, and monsoonal wind. The validated model successfully estimated the variability of residence time. The calculation results show that water residence times in Madura Strait and especially in its tributaries are mainly governed by the strength of river discharges, whereas the direction of advection is influenced mainly by monsoon wind directions and less by the tide-induced residual current.

Aldrian, E., Chen, C.-T.A., Adi, S., Prihartanto, Sudiana, N. and S.P. Nugroho (2008). Spatial and seasonal dynamics of riverine carbon fluxes of the Brantas catchment in East Java. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113: G03029, doi:10.1029/2007JG000626.

Awaji, T. (1982). Water mixing in a tidal current and the effect of turbulence on tidal exchange through a strait. J. of Physical Oceanography, 12: 501-514.

Brooks, D.A., Baca, M.W. and L.T. Lo (1999). Tidal circulation and residence time in a macro tidal estuary: Coobscook Bay, Maine. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 49: 647-665.

Creel, Liz (2003). Ripple effect: Population and coastal regions. Population Reference Bureau, Washington.

Dettmann, E.H. (2001). Effect of water residence time on annual export and denitrification of nitrogen in estuaries: A model analysis. Estuaries, 24: 481-490.

Delhez, E.J.M. (2005). Interactive comment on “transient residence and exposure times” by E.J.M. Delhez. Ocean Science Discussion, 2: S166-S167.

Duwe, K.C., Hewer, R.R. and J.O. Backhaus (1983). Results of a semi-implicit two-step method for the simulation of markedly nonlinear flows in coastal seas. Continental Shelf Research, 2: 255-274.

Egbert, G.D. and S.Y. Erofeeva (2002). Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 19: 183-204.

Ghonhiem, A. and F. Sherman (1985). Grid-free simulation of diffusion using random walk methods. Journal of Computational Physics, 61: 1-37.

Harlow, F.H. and J.E. Welch (1965). The MAC method: A computing technique for solving viscous, incompressible and transient flow problems involving free surfaces. Phys. Fluids, 8: 1965.

Hoekstra, P. (1989). River outflow, depositional processes and coastal morphodynamics in a monsoon-dominated deltaic environment, East Java, Indonesia. Netherlands Geographical Studies, Amsterdam and Ultrecht, 224 pp.

Shen, Jiang and H.V. Wang (2007). Determining the age of water and long-term transport timescale of the Chesapeake Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences, 74: 585-598.

Jennerjahn, T.C., Ittekkot, V., Klöpper, S., Seno Adi, Sutopo Purwo Nugroho, Nana Sudiana, Anyuta Yusmal, Prihartanto and H. Gaye-Haake (2004).

Biogeochemistry of a tropical river affected by human activities in its catchment: Brantas River estuary and coastal waters of Madura Strait, Java, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences, 60: 503-514.

Liu, W.C., Chen, W.B. and J.T. Kuo (2008). Modeling residence time response to freshwater discharge in a mesotidal estuary, Taiwan. Journal of Marine Systems, 74: 295-314.

Longuet-Higgins, M.S. (1969). On the transport of mass by time-varying ocean currents. Deep-Sea Research, 16: 431-447.

Maier-Reimer, E. and J. Sündermann (1982). On tracer methods in computational hydrodynamics. In: M.B. Abbott and J.A. Cunge (eds), Engineering applications of computational hydrodynamics, Vol. 1. Pitman, Boston/London/Melbourne.

Nugrahadi, M.S. and T. Yanagi (2003). Water quality in Madura Strait, Indonesia. Report of Science Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka.

Nugrahadi, M.S., Yanagi, T., Jaenen, I., Adi, S. and C. Frank. Influence of strong monsoon-dominated climate on biogeochemistry of the heavily anthropogenic impacted Brantas River Estuaries and Madura Strait coastal water, East Java, Indonesia (in submission).

Pranowo, W.S. and B.S. Realino (2006). Vertical current circulation in Bali Strait during southwest monsoon 2004 (in Bahasa Indonesia). Forum Perairan Umum Indonesia III.

Rasmussen, B. and A.B. Josefson (2002). Consistent estimates for the residence time of micro-tidal estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54: 65-73.

Roy, Claude (1996). Variability of sea surface features in the western Indonesian archipelago: Inferences from the COADS Dataset. In: D. Pauly and P.

Martosubroto (eds), Baseline studies of biodiversity: The fish resources of Western Indonesia. ICLARM Stud.Rev. 23, 312 pp.

Sullivan, P.J. (1971). Longitudinal dispersion within a two dimensional turbulent shear flow. J. Fluid Mech., 49: 551-576.

Takeoka, H. (1984). Fundamental concepts of exchange and transport time scales in a coastal sea. Continental Shelf Research, 3-3: 311-326.

Talbot, J.W. and G.A. Talbot (1974). Diffusion in shallow seas and in English coastal and estuarine waters. Rapp.-v. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 167, December 1974.

Zimmerman, J.T.F. (1979). On the Euler-Lagrange transformation and the Stokes’s drift in the presence of oscillatory and residual currents. Deep-Sea Research, 26a: 505-520.