AccScience Publishing / NSCE / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/NSCE025310007
RESEARCH ARTICLE

On inverse problems in mathematical neuroscience: Nonlinear neurodynamic processes described by second-order bilinear evolution equations with delay

V. A. Rusanov1* R. A. Daneev2
Show Less
1 Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Irkutsk State, Russia
2 Department of Information Technology, East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Irkutsk, Irkutsk State, Russia
Received: 29 July 2025 | Revised: 5 September 2025 | Accepted: 8 September 2025 | Published online: 31 October 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

The quest to mathematically realize the complex dynamics of neuromorphic processes has led to the development of differential models that approximate neural signal behavior within controlled dynamical systems. Based on the maximum entropy principle and the tensor product of Hilbert spaces, we examine the solvability of the problem concerning the existence of a differential realization of nonlinear neuromorphic dynamic processes in a class of bilinear nonstationary ordinary differential equations of the second order (with and without delay) in a separable Hilbert space. Additionally, we analyze the metric conditions of continuity of the projectivization of the entropy Rayleigh–Ritz operator, and compute the fundamental group of its compact image. These problems belong to the class of nonstationary operator inverse problems for evolutionary equations in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. They provide new insights into the development of the theory of nonlinear inverse problems for higher-order multilinear non-autonomous differential equations with a “delay factor,” which cannot be solved with respect to the higher-order derivatives. The results obtained in this study may be applicable to the precision modeling of differential equations of nonlinear neurodynamics, providing a meta-basis for the analysis of the cognitive activity of local neuropopulations under investigation.

Keywords
Entropy Rayleigh–Ritz operator
Inverse problems of nonlinear neurodynamics
Maximum principle for entropy
Second-order bilinear differential realization with delay
Tensor analysis
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
References
  1. Brzychczy S, Poznanski R. Mathematical Neuroscience. New York, NY: Academic Press; 2013.

 

  1. Kalman RE, Falb PL, Arbib MA. Topics in Mathematical System Theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1969. Translated to Russian. Moscow: Mir; 1971.

 

  1. Rusanov VA, Lakeyev AV, Banshchikov AV, Daneev AV. On the bilinear second order differential realization of an infinite-dimensional dynamical system: an approach based on extensions to M2-operators, fractal and fractional. Nonlinear Funct Anal Appl. 2023;7(4):310-327.

 

  1. Lakeyev AV, Linke YuE, Rusanov VA. On a geometric theory of the realization of nonlinear controlled dynamic processes in the class of second-order bilinear models. Far East Math J. 2024;24(2):200-219.

 

  1. Rusanov VA, Banshchikov AV, Daneev AV, Lakeyev AV. Maximum entropy principle in the differential second-order realization of a nonstationary bilinear system. Adv Differ Equ Control Process. 2019;20(2):223-248.

 

  1. Mesarovic MD, Takahara Y. General Systems Theory: Mathematical Foundations. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1975. Translated to Russian. Moscow: Mir; 1978.

 

  1. Kantorovich LV, Akilov GP. Functional Analysis [in Russian].Moscow: Nauka Publ.; 1977.

 

  1. Yosida K. Functional Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1965. Translated to Russian. Moscow: Mir; 1967.

 

  1. Lakeyev AV, Rusanov VA, Banshchikov AV, Daneev RA. A finite character geometrical property of the differential realization nonstationary hyperbolic systems. Adv Differ Equ Control Process. 2024;31(2):187-205.

 

  1. Kirillov AA. Elements of Representation Theory [in Russian]. Moscow: Nauka Publ.; 1978.

 

  1. Rusanov VA, Daneev AV, Lakeyev AV, Linke YuE. On the differential realization theory of nonlinear dynamic processes in Hilbert space. Far East J Math Sci. 2015;97(4):495-532.

 

  1. Edwards RE. Functional Analysis: Theory and Applications. New York, NY: Holt; 1965. Translated to Russian. Moscow: Mir; 1969.

 

  1. Prasolov VV. Elements of Combinatorial and Differentiable Topology [in Russian]. Moscow: MTsNMO; 2014.

 

  1. Lakeyev AV, Linke YuE, Rusanov VA. Rayleigh–Ritz operator in inverse problems for higher-order multilinear nonautonomous evolution equations. Sib Adv Math. 2023;33(4):329-337.

 

  1. Lakeyev AV, Linke YuE, Rusanov VA. Metric properties of the Rayleigh–Ritz operator. Russ Math. 2022;66(9):46-53.

 

  1. D’yachenko MI, Ul’yanov PL. Measure and Integral [in Russian]. Moscow: Faktorial; 1998.

 

  1. Reed M, Simon B. Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics 1: Functional Analysis. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1972. Translated to Russian. Moscow: Mir; 1977.

 

  1. Grabmeier J, Kaltofen E, Weispfenning V. Handbook in Computer Algebra: Foundations, Applications, Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2003.

 

  1. Laurent PJ. Approximation et Optimisation [in French]. Paris: Hermann; 1972.

 

  1. Arnold VI. Ordinary Differential Equations [in Russian]. Moscow: MTsNMO; 2012.

 

  1. Newton I. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. 1686. Newton I. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; 1946.

 

  1. Massera JL, Schaffer JJ. Linear Differential Equations and Function Spaces. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1966. Translated to Russian. Moscow: Mir; 1970.

 

  1. Musk E. An integrated brain-machine interface platform with thousands of channels. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(10):e16194. doi:10.2196/16194

 

  1. Yoshida N. Functional neuromuscular stimulation for articular angle control with an inverse dynamics model tuned by a neural network. Ergonomics. 2002;45(9):649-662.

 

  1. Savel’ev AV. Sources of variation for dynamic properties of the nervous system at the synaptic level in neurocomputing. Iskusstv Intellekt. 2006;(4):323-328 [in Russian].

 

  1. Hochberg LR, Serruya MD, Friehs GM, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. Nature. 2006;442(7099):164-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04970

 

  1. Popkov YuS. Controlled positive dynamic systems with an entropy operator: fundamentals of the theory and applications. Mathematics. 2021;9:2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9202585
Share
Back to top
Nonlinear Science and Control Engineering, Published by AccScience Publishing