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REVIEW ARTICLE

Sustainable exploitation of energy from tropical cyclones

Jim Baird1*
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1 Independent Researcher, Thermodynamic Geoengineering, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
JES 2024, 1(1), 025310014 https://doi.org/10.36922/JES025310014
Received: 30 July 2025 | Revised: 2 September 2025 | Accepted: 5 September 2025 | Published online: 23 September 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

This paper investigates whether the immense energy generated by tropical cyclones can be harnessed as a sustainable energy source. The analysis shows that the extra heat accumulating in the oceans due to global warming is comparable to the energy released by a major tropical cyclone. One way to tap into this vast resource is through advanced ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems, which use the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep water to generate usable energy. Here, the concept of thermodynamic geoengineering comes into play: Mobile platforms could be stationed in the intertropical convergence zone, the equatorial region where trade winds converge and where the ocean’s surface is particularly warm. These platforms could generate electricity or energy carriers, such as hydrogen, by utilizing the heat stored in the water. The discussion explores the science behind tropical cyclones and OTEC, highlighting why traditional OTEC systems have not been widely adopted, and suggesting that thermodynamic geoengineering may offer a more practical and scalable solution. The paper also weighs the pros and cons of producing energy offshore and transporting it (for example, as hydrogen). The findings suggest that thermodynamic geoengineering could play a significant role in combating climate change and advancing the global hydrogen economy, with a cooling credit valued at approximately 25–30¢/kWh, reflecting the value of avoided climate-related damages. Thermodynamic geoengineering platforms focus on the hottest parts of the ocean year-round. Since this energy would be produced at sea, it makes sense to convert it into a transportable form, such as hydrogen. High-pressure electrolysis, a process performed 1000 m underwater, where pressure is around 100 bar and temperatures are near 4°C, could split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Doing this at depth means there is no need for extra compression, which would otherwise use about 3% of the energy. The hydrogen ascends to the surface at a pressure that is approximately 70% of the threshold required for transportation applications.

Keywords
Hydrogen economy
Global warming
Ocean thermal stratification
Conversion of heat to work
Heat engine
Waste heat
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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