AccScience Publishing / JCTR / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.36922/jctr.24.00062
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in diabetic individuals above 50 years of age at a tertiary care hospital: An observational study

Sujata Devi1 ,  Suchanda Sahu2* ,  Deenadayalan Subhiksha3 ,  Kishore Kumar Behera4 ,  Nibedita Priyadarsini5 ,  Anupam Dey1 ,  Debananda Sahoo1 ,  Arpita Dash1
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1 Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
2 Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
3 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
4 Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
5 Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
JCTR 2025, 11(1), 56–65; https://doi.org/10.36922/jctr.24.00062
Submitted: 17 September 2024 | Revised: 4 November 2024 | Accepted: 27 November 2024 | Published: 24 February 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis coexist in the elderly population. However, there is no conclusive evidence as to whether diabetes affects the progression of osteoporosis in this population. In addition, diabetes-associated systemic complications may also contribute to an increased risk of fracture. Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in diabetic individuals above 50 years of age and to estimate the burden of the disease in males and females. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional, and observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (AIIMS). A total of 203 diabetic individuals above 50 years of age were recruited in the study, and their bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Other clinical and biochemical parameters were also assessed. A comparison was conducted among males and females and the three categories of BMD. Results: In our study setting, the overall prevalence of osteoporosis in diabetic individuals above 50 years of age was 40.89%. The prevalence was higher in females (56.5%) compared to males (26%). A higher proportion of individuals (51.6%) in the 71–80 years age group had osteoporosis. Increasing age and the duration of diabetes and menopause (in females) were the significant risk factors, along with serum creatinine and glycated hemoglobin. Conclusion: As there is a high prevalence of osteoporosis among diabetics, screening by assessing the BMD must be done in the elderly population to predict the fracture risk (FRAX score), implement appropriate preventive measures, and initiate treatment. Relevance for patients: Based on our findings, patients with diabetes mellitus are more prone to developing osteoporosis, which in turn increases their likelihood to fracture development. In order to prevent further morbidity, diabetics need special care for maintaining their health through the early detection and prevention of such events.

Keywords
Bone mineral density
T-score
FRAX score
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Fracture risk
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received for the conduct of this study or in preparation of this manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no financial or non-financial interest in the present study.
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Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, Electronic ISSN: 2424-810X Print ISSN: 2382-6533, Published by AccScience Publishing
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