Effect of high-intensity interval and endurance training with MitoQ on mitochondrial dynamics in rat muscle
Background and Aim: Mitochondria play an important role in signaling and metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. In this study, the effects of MitoQ supplementation alone and in combination with endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were investigated in relation to the process of mitochondrial quality control in the gastrocnemius muscle of male rats.
Methods: Animals were assigned into 6 groups (n = 7): Control, MitoQ, ET, ET + MitoQ, HIIT, and HIIT + MitoQ. The gene and protein expression were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (2-ΔΔCT) and Western blot analysis, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance.
Results: ET significantly increased protein expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and mitofusin1 (MFN1) and gene expression of optic atrophy Type 1 (Opa1) in skeletal muscle, when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). HIIT only increased MFN1 protein expression compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). MitoQ in combination with HIIT significantly increased protein expression of DRP1 and MFN1 compared to MitoQ alone (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: In sum, exercise training can affect mitochondrial dynamics by changing the factors involved in the fission and fusion process, and ET can improve training capacity in skeletal muscle by modulating expression of OPA1 and MFN1. While MitoQ supplementation alone did not significantly alter the mitochondrial fission-fusion process, its combination with HIIT appeared to elevate the expression of DRP1, suggesting a potential synergistic effect that warrants further investigation. Future studies should delve into the mechanisms by which MitoQ and exerciseinduced stress affect mitochondrial quality control, particularly in the context of redox modulation and signaling pathways that govern mitochondrial plasticity.
Relevance for Patients: Combining MitoQ with exercise training may enhance mitochondrial function, potentially improving muscle health in patients.
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