News and Announcements
COMMENTARY
Tryptophan metabolism in schizophrenia
Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior1* ,
Heberson Teixeira da Silva2 ,
Alessandro Martins Ribeiro1 ,
Tales Alexandre Ferreira-Aversi2 ,
Lízia Colares Vilela1
Show Less
1
Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valley, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais,
Brazil
2
Department of Physics, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais,
Brazil
INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 2023, 6(2), 0435 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0435
Submitted: 13 April 2023 | Accepted: 19 July 2023 | Published: 4 August 2023
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the commentary.
References
- Carvalho MS, Mas CD, Nunes DF, et al., 2017, Tryptophan metabolism in mental disorders: A focus on schizophrenia. Vittalle, 29: 44–56. https://doi.org/10.14295/vittalle.v29i2.6550
- McCusker RH, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, et al., 2014, Depression, inflammation and tryptophan metabolism. In: The Wiley-blackwell Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, p448–468. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118314814.ch23
- Menegatti R, Fraga CA, Barreiro EJ, et al., 2004, Schizophrenia: Forty years of the dopaminergic hypothesis from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. Quim Nova, 27: 447–455. https://doi.org/10.1590/ s0100-40422004000300015
- Madras BK, Cohen EL, Messing R, et al., 1974, Relevance of free tryptophan in serum to tissue tryptophan concentrations. Metabolism, 23: 1107–1116. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(74)90027-4
- Curzon G, Friedel J, Knott PJ, 1974, The effect of fatty acids on the binding of tryptophan to plasma protein. Nature, 242: 198–200. https://doi.org/10.1038/242198a0
- Leblhuber F, Geisler S, Steiner K, et al., 2015, Elevated fecal calprotectin in patients with Alzheimer’s dementia indicates leaky gut. J Neural Transm (Vienna), 122: 1319–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-015-1381-9
- Ruddick JP, Evans AK, Nutt DJ, et al., 2006, Tryptophan metabolism in the central nervous system: Medical implications. Exp Rev Mol Med, 8: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1462399406000068
- Reininghaus EZ, McIntyre RS, Reininghaus B, et al., 2014, Tryptophan breakdown is increased in euthymic overweight individuals with bipolar disorder: A preliminary report. Bipolar Disord, 16: 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12166
- Anderson G, Jacob A, Bellivier F, et al., 2016, Bipolar disorder: The role of the kynurenine and melatonergic pathways. Curr Pharm Des, 22: 987–1012. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151214105314
- Nguyen QT, Schroeder LF, Mank M, et al., 2010, An in vivo biosensor for neurotransmitter release and in situ receptor activity. Nat Neurosci, 13: 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2469
- Díaz-Marsa M, Lozano C, Herranz AS, et al., 2006, Acute tryptophan depletion in eating disorders. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 34: 397–402.
- Yang Y, Sauve AA, 2016, NAD(+) metabolism: Bioenergetics, signaling and manipulation for therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1864: 1787–1800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.06.014
- Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Imbeault S, et al., 2017, The kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuropharmacology, 112: 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.020
- Schwarcz R, Pellicciari R, 2002, Manipulation of brain kynurenines: Glial targets, neuronal effects, and clinical opportunities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 303: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.102.034439
- Hilmas C, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, et al., 2001, The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression: Physiopathological implications. J Neurosci, 21: 7463–7473. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07463.2001
- Stone TW, 2020, Does kynurenic acid act on nicotinic receptors? An assessment of the evidence. J Neurochem, 152: 627–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14907
- Lim CK, Bilgin A, Lovejoy DB, et al., 2017, Kynurenine pathway metabolomics predicts and provides mechanistic insight into multiple sclerosis progression. Sci Rep, 7: 41473. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41473
- Agudelo LZ, Femenia T, Orhan F, et al., 2014, Skeletal muscle PGC-1α1 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression. Cell, 159: 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.051
- Myint AM, Kim YK, 2014, Network beyond IDO in psychiatric disorders: Revisiting neurodegeneration hypothesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 48: 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.008
- Schwarcz R, Bruno JP, Muchowski PJ, et al., 2012, Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: When physiology meets pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci, 13: 465–477. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3257
- Andresasen NC, Black DW, 2009, Introdução à Psiquiatria. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
- De Alvarenga PG, de Andrade AG, 2008, Fundamentos em Psiquiatria. São Paulo: Manole.