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REVIEW

The potential therapeutic value of terpenes

Henry Lowe1,2,3,4 ,  Amza Ali5,6 ,  Blair Steele1 ,  Lorenzo Gordon7 ,  Justin Grant8*
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1 Biotech Research and Development Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
2 Vilotos Pharmaceuticals Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
3 Flavocure Biotech Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
4 Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Human Virology (IHV), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
5 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
6 Department of Medicine, Kingston Public Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica
7 Department of Internal Medicine, Caribbean School of Medical Sciences, Kingston, Jamaica
8 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 2024, 7(3), 0332 https://doi.org/10.36922/itps.0332
Submitted: 15 March 2023 | Accepted: 7 December 2024 | Published: 7 June 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Terpenes form part of a huge and diverse class of naturally occurring and volatile secondary metabolites produced by many plants, fruits, animals, insects, and other organisms. They are the largest group of naturally occurring metabolites, with over 55,000 types of terpenes produced by plants alone, primarily as essential oils. In humans, they contain significant biological properties such as antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antihyperglycemic, anti-cancer, and analgesic agents. In plants, terpenes also play significant roles in defensive mechanisms against herbivores and invasive plants, disease resistance, chemical signaling and communication between plants, protection against photo-oxidation, plant-environment mediation, thermo-protection, and the attraction of pollinators. In addition, terpenes are responsible for a plant’s scent, taste, flavor, and pigmentation, leading to their commercial use as fragrances and food dyes. Terpenes are also used in the production of synthetic polymers, natural rubbers (polyisoprene), organic solvents, varnishes, inks, adhesives, cleaning products, biofuels, pesticides, and food and drink products. For these reasons, terpenes have significant value in modern medicine, pharmacy, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and other industries.

Keywords
Terpenes Terpenoids
Metabolites
Cannabis sativa
Essential oils
Sterol
Squalene
Phytotherapeutics
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, Electronic ISSN: 2705-0823 Print ISSN: 2705-0734, Published by AccScience Publishing
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