AccScience Publishing / ITPS / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / DOI: 10.36922/ITPS025260039
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Nanomedicine in bone healing: A review of innovative silver nanoparticle therapies and theranostic advances

Paula V. Messina1*
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1 Department of Chemistry, Southern Chemistry Institute–National Scientific and Technical Research Council (INQUISUR-CONICET), National University of The South, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 2025, 8(4), 25–52; https://doi.org/10.36922/ITPS025260039
Received: 27 June 2025 | Revised: 22 November 2025 | Accepted: 28 November 2025 | Published online: 16 December 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Nanomedicine, at the convergence of nanotechnology and medicine, holds transformative potential for bone healing through advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Among various nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This review examines the principles of nanomedicine and theranostics, AgNP synthesis methods and physicochemical characteristics, and their application in bone regeneration for infection control, scaffold design, osteoinduction, and angiogenesis. The integration of AgNPs into theranostic platforms for simultaneous therapy and imaging is critically evaluated, highlighting modalities such as micro-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. The preclinical and early clinical evidence is analyzed, addressing critical limitations including toxicity, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, manufacturing reproducibility, and regulatory hurdles. This review outlines future trends, such as green synthesis, stimuli-responsive systems, and personalized scaffolds. A comprehensive understanding of these multidimensional facets is crucial for advancing AgNP-based nanomedicine from the bench to the bedside in bone healing applications.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Bone defects
Tissue imaging
Personalized medicine
Antimicrobial scaffolds
Photothermal therapy
Bone regeneration
Funding
The author acknowledges the financial support of the National University of the South (PGI 24/Q131), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET; PIP 11220210100126CO), and the National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (PICT-2021-I-A-00108). P.V.M. is a principal researcher of CONICET.
Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, Electronic ISSN: 2705-0823 Print ISSN: 2705-0734, Published by AccScience Publishing
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