Evaluation of Nephroprotective Effects of Lawsonia inermis Bark Extract: A Biochemical Approach
Gentamicin is atypical aminoglycoside medication used to treat bacterial infections. Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is classified as a tubulopathy, in which tubular damage and destruction most frequently cause renal insufficiency. Our study aims to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of Lawsonia inermis bark extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group I served as a normal control group, group II served as a gentamicin control group, and in Groups III and IV, gentamicin-challenged animals were treated with L. inermis bark extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the results, we found that treatment with L. inermis bark extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated creatinine and urea in the blood. Besides, the extract also improved the total protein level in the blood. It is well known that gentamicin intoxication reduces antioxidant defense, so we examined the levels of endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and discovered that the extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly improved the activity of these antioxidants. Hence, we can conclude that the nephroprotective potential of L. inermis bark extract may be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
Akinrinde, A.S.; Oduwole, O.; Akinrinmade, F.J.; Bolaji- Alabi, F.B. Nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Afr. Health Sci., 2020, 20(3), 1382–96.
Ouédraogo, M.; Lamien-Sanou, A.; Ramdé, N.; Ouédraogo, A.S.; Ouédraogo, M.; Zongo, S.P.; Goumbri, O.; Duez, P.; Guissou, P.I. Protective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2013, 65(3), 335–9.
Mishra, P.; Mandlik, D.; Arulmozhi, S. Nephroprotective role of diosgenin in gentamicin-induced renal toxicity: Biochemical, antioxidant, immunological and histopathological approach. Futur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2021, 7, 169.
Abdulfatai, A.; Ayotunde, O.O. Lawsonia inermis Linn; Review of Plant with Both Industrial and Medicinal Properties. Media Kedokt. Hewan, 2022, 33(2), 105–30.
Rajesham, V.V.; Jabeen, R.; Raghavendra, M.; Ali, P.R.; Rao, T.R. Nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis leaves in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Int. J. Pharm. Invest., 2022, 12(3), 346–50.
Ghosh, S.; Firdous, S.M. Evaluation of analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea staphylina. Thai J. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 38(2), 57–60.
Banerjee, A.; Firdous, S.M. Antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea staphylina plant in rats. Bangladesh J. Pharmacol., 2015, 10: 652–3.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Acute oral toxicity. Acute oral toxic class method guideline 423 adopted 3.03.1996. In: Eleventh Addendum to the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Organisation for Economic Co-operation Development. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 2000.
Sodimbaku, V.; Pujari, L.; Mullangi, R.; Marri, S. Carrot (Daucus carota L.): Nephroprotective against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol., 2016, 48(2), 122–7.
Singh, A.P.; Junemann, A.; Muthuraman, A.; Jaggi, A.S.; Singh, N.; Grover, K.; Dhawan, R. Animal models of acute renal failure. Pharmacol. Rep., 2012, 64(1), 31–44.
Martinez-Salgado, C.; Eleno, N.; Morales, A.I.; Pérez- Barriocanal, F.; Arevalo, M.; López-Novoa, J.M. Gentamicin treatment induces simultaneous mesangial proliferation and apoptosis in rats. Kidney Int., 2004, 65(6), 2161–71.
Salminen, A.; Vihko, V. Lipid peroxidation in exercise myopathy. Exp. Mol. Pathol., 1983, 38, 380–8.
Dennis, J.M.; Witting, P.K. Protective role for antioxidants in acute kidney disease. Nutrients, 2017, 9(7), 718.
Ahmed, S.; Rahman, A.; Alam, A.; Saleem, M.; Athar, M.; Sultana, S. Evaluation of the efficacy of Lawsonia alba in the alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2000, 69(2), 157–64.
Kumar, M.; Kaur, P.; Chandel, M.; Singh.; A.P.; Jain, A.; Kaur, S. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves against 2-acetylaminofluorene induced hepatic damage in male Wistar rats. BMC Complement Altern. Med., 2017, 17(1), 56.
Kaur, M.; Dangi, C.; Singhai, A.; Singh, M.; Kosta, S.; Singh, H.; Peter, J.; Jain, S. Toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of lawsonia inermis leaves in albino wistar rats. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2014, 3(5), 835–48.