AccScience Publishing / ESAM / Volume 1 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.36922/ESAM025240015
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Hot isostatic pressing temperature effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion-manufactured Hastelloy X

Bingqiu Wang1 ,  Rongrong Huang1 ,  Yiming Sun2 ,  Xiaohui Zhou1 ,  Linan Xue2 ,  Junjun Jiang1 ,  Swee Leong Sing3 ,  Bo Chen1,4 ,  Xiaoguo Song1,4 ,  Caiwang Tan1,4*
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1 State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding and Joining of Materials and Structures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
2 Department of Welding and Materials Engineering, Beijing Power Machinery Institute, Beijing, China
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Weihai, Shandong, China
ESAM 2025, 1(2), 025240015 https://doi.org/10.36922/ESAM025240015
Received: 14 May 2025 | Revised: 20 June 2025 | Accepted: 23 June 2025 | Published online: 30 June 2025
© 2025 by the Author (s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of Hastelloy X alloy is an essential heat treatment process in manufacturing hot-end components for aerospace engines. This study investigated the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion-manufactured Hastelloy X superalloy at room and high temperatures under various HIP treatments. The results showed that as the HIP temperature increased, the recrystallization degree increased, with the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries decreasing from 49.7% at HIP1100 to 0% at HIP1210. The carbides along the grain boundaries evolved from particle distribution at HIP1100 to chain-like distribution at HIP1180 and coarsened at HIP1210. In the room temperature tensile test, specimens treated at HIP1100 exhibited the highest tensile strength due to restrained dislocation slip, grain refinement strengthening, and carbide dispersion strengthening. In the high-temperature tensile test, significant carbide coarsening was induced at HIP1100, while minimal changes were observed at HIP1180 and HIP1210. As the HIP temperature increased, the tensile strength and elongation both improved due to the synergistic effect of the reduced number of grain boundaries and chain-like distribution of carbides. The cracks primarily propagated along the grain boundaries, with the HIP1210 specimen showing a better capacity for crack inhibition.

Keywords
Hastelloy X superalloy
Laser powder bed fusion
High temperature tensile test
Microstructure
Carbide
Funding
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52475332) and the Taishan Scholars Foundation of Shandong Province (No. tsqn202211307).
Conflict of interest
Dr. Swee Leong Sing is the Editor-in-Chief of this journal, but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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