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REVIEW ARTICLE

Advances and applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in deciphering the tumor microenvironment of malignant skin tumors

Yiting Feng1,2† ,  Lanlan Liu1,3,4,5† ,  Chunlan Hu1,3,4,5† ,  Jie Sun1,3,4,5* ,  Mingzhu Yin1,3,4,5* ,  Xin Li1,3,4,5*
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1 Clinical Research Center, Medical Pathology Center, Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center, and Translational Medicine Research Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
2 Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
3 Chongqing Technical Innovation Center for Quality Evaluation and Identification of Authentic Medicinal Herbs, Chongqing, China
4 Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Technology, CQU - Ferenc Krausz Nobel Laureate Scientific Workstation, Chongqing, China
5 School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
EJMO, 5809 https://doi.org/10.36922/ejmo.5809
Submitted: 7 November 2024 | Revised: 2 December 2024 | Accepted: 17 December 2024 | Published: 10 January 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The three most prevalent malignant skin tumors are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and cutaneous melanoma (CM). While BCC and SCC generally exhibit low levels of malignancy, some tumors can become invasive and metastasize. In contrast, CM is the most malignant and lethal form of skin cancer among these three. In recent years, the increasing incidence of skin tumors has garnered significant attention within the medical community. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has revolutionized the analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in skin tumors, offering novel insights for clinical research. In this review, we provide a concise introduction to scRNA-seq technology and its application in delineating the heterogeneity of the TME in skin tumors, elucidating the mechanisms of tumor progression and pathogenicity, and uncovering new therapeutic targets. Our review offers a comprehensive overview for researchers, offering insights that may advance the understanding of the skin TME in future studies.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Skin tumor
Tumor microenvironment
Single-cell RNA sequencing
Heterogeneity; Therapeutic target
Funding
This study is jointly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 32200523), Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (grant no. CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0658), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 2023CDJYGRH-YB05), Chongqing Wanzhou Municipal Science, and Health Joint Medical Research Project General Program (wzstc-kw2023004).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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