The Impacts of Covariates on Spatial Distribution of Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19): What Do the Data Show through ANCOVA and MANCOVA?
Objectives: In late December 2019, a group of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-COV-2) in Wuhan, China, raised worldwide concern. This novel virus is turning into a global nightmare and a serious health problem. Even though an accurate estimate of the case-fatality risk is difficult; this research is useful to mitigate the spatial pattern of COVID-19. In this study, we aim to assess the impacts of covariates (age, sex, blood type, and disease severity, patients’ previous health history , transmission type, and location) on the spatial distribution of COVID-19.
Methods: Relevant data were obtained from the World Health Organization released by March 18, 2020 and some other information from published studies were taken into consideration. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) through STATA packages.
Results: The spatial pattern of COVID-19 is varying with more than a half-million confirmed cases and thousands of deaths worldwide. . The result of the study has also shown that the spatial pattern of COVID-19 is fluctuating and reflected the large confirmed cases and deaths of the Republic of China, Italy, USA and Iran. There is also evidence that age and population density variation has a statistically significant association with deaths due to COVID-19 (Fcal=133.909 and P-value= 0.000*). The result also highlighted a statistically significant difference between male and female patients affected by COVID-19. The infection fatality rate in 0-9 years is almost nonexistent; whereas for patients over the age of 50 it is relatively suffering.. There is also statistical evidence of the outbreak of the epidemic that in Europe, America and the Western Pacific Region the local transmission is predominant, while in Africa and in other regional areas most cases are fugitive. Despite some variation in initial symptoms, most COVID-19 patients have a fever and respiratory symptoms. Social distancing and special
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