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REVIEW

Microbial allies: Personalized probiotics and their role in tailoring cancer immunotherapies

Tanwy Chowdhury1 ,  Zarin Rushni2 ,  Hasnain Anjum2 ,  Kumkum Rahman Mouree2*
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1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 Department of Microbiology, School of Science, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
CP 2024, 6(2), 3289
Submitted: 27 March 2024 | Accepted: 27 May 2024 | Published: 21 June 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The human microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune modulation, and its influence on the development and progression of cancer has gained increasing recognition. Based on the concept of cancer immunotherapy, personalized approaches are extensively explored to address the limitations and challenges associated with achieving optimal treatment outcomes. This review examines the emerging field of customized probiotics and their profound impact on tailoring cancer immunotherapies. It provides an overview of cancer immunotherapies, the intricate relationship between the microbiome and cancer, and the concept of dysbiosis in disease progression. By delving into the mechanisms through which probiotics modulate the microbiome, this review highlights the evidence supporting their potential application in treating cancer patients. The review also emphasizes the rationale behind personalized probiotics in cancer treatment, discussing strategies for tailoring probiotics to individual patients with case studies demonstrating their efficacy. In addition, it explores the underlying synergistic mechanisms between probiotics and immunotherapies, focusing on their effects on the tumor microenvironment and immune cell activity. Challenges and ethical considerations are addressed, including the potential risks associated with personalized probiotics, and future directions for research and clinical applications are proposed. Finally, the clinical implications and translational potential of integrating personalized probiotics into cancer treatment protocols are examined, emphasizing the need for standardized approaches and regulatory considerations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of personalized probiotics in shaping the landscape of cancer immunotherapies, paving the way for innovative and tailored therapeutic interventions.

Keywords
Probiotic
Tumor
Cancer
Immunotherapy
Microbiome
Funding
None.
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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