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REVIEW

Microbial Architects of Malignancy: Exploring the Gut Microbiome’s Influence in Cancer Initiation and Progression

Md. Fakruddin1,2* ,  Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir3 ,  Israk Iram Oyshe1 ,  S.M. Tasbir Amin1 ,  Amana Hossain1 ,  Israt Jahan Sarna1 ,  Nusrat Jerin1 ,  Dipak Kumar Mitra2,4
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1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2 Interim Laboratory, Bangamata National Cellular and Molecular Research Center (BNCMRC), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3 Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
4 Department of Public Health, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
CP 2023, 5(1), 397
Submitted: 9 June 2023 | Accepted: 23 August 2023 | Published: 27 September 2023
© 2023 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a critical player in cancer initiation and progression. This review provides an overview of the intricate interactions between the gut microbiome and cancer, exploring the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications. The gut microbiome exerts profound effects on the immune system, modulating immune responses, and chronic inflammation, which are pivotal in cancer development. In addition, it influences metabolism by altering nutrient metabolism and producing metabolites that can directly impact cellular processes related to cancer progression. Furthermore, certain gut bacteria can induce DNA damage or modify DNA repair mechanisms, contributing to the initiation and promotion of cancer. Moreover, the gut microbiome can significantly influence the effectiveness and toxicity of anticancer therapies, potentially affecting treatment outcomes. Understanding these complex interactions holds promise for the development of strategies that target the gut microbiome to prevent and treat cancer more effectively. This review emphasizes the clinical relevance of the gut microbiome in cancer, including the identification of microbial biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, it discusses potential challenges and future directions for research in this rapidly evolving field. Overall, unraveling the role of the gut microbiome in cancer initiation and progression provides valuable insights for advancing personalized cancer treatment and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords
Microbiome
Cancer
Initiation
Progression
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
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