Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Surface Water Quality of Savitri River by Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
An attempt was made to study the physico-chemical parameters of Savitri river water using multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis. In this study, data of 26 water quality parameters for six sampling locations were analyzed during monsoon, winter and summer season of June, 2004 to May, 2007. Scree plots for the eigenvalues obtained in this study shows pronounced seasonal change in slope. Water Quality Index (WQI) values were found to be increasing during the seasons and indicate the deterioration of water quality in summer season. Cluster analysis demonstrates that the surface water character changes significantly with seasons.
APHA (1992). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Chapman, D. (1992). Water Quality assessment. In: Chapman D on behalf of UNESCO, WHO and UNEP. Chapman and Hall, London, 585 p.
Dwivedi and Pathak (2009). Study of trace elements in Mandakana river water at Chitrakoot. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 29(2): 131-136.
Durell, G.S., Sea Vey, J.A.and J. Higman (2001). Sediment quality in the lower St. Johns river and Cedar-ortega River Basin: Chemical contaminant characteristics. Battelle, Duxbury, M.A.
Fakayode, S.O. (2005). Impact assessment of Industrial effluent on water quality of the receiving Alaro river in Ibadan, Nigeria. AJEAM-RAGEE, 10: 1-13.
Gangopadhyay, S., Gupta, A.S. and M.H. Nachabe (2001). Evaluation of groundwater monitoring network by principal component analysis. Ground Water, 39(2): 181-191.
Helena, B., Pardo, B., Vega, M., Barrado, E. and Fernandez (2000). Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer by principal component analysis. Water Res., 34(3): 807-816.
Khan, M.M., Admassu and H.R. Sharma (2009). Suitability Assessment of Water Quality of river Shinta and its impact on the users: A case study from Gondar Town of Ethiopia. IJEP, 29(2): 137-144.
Kuppusamy, M.R. and V.V. Giridhar (2006). Factor analysis of water quality characteristics including trace metal speciation in the coastal env. system of Chennai, Ennore. Environmental International, 32: 174-179.
Manly, B.F.J. (1986). Multivariate statistical methods: A Primer. Chapman and Hall, London.
Meglan, R.R. (1992). Examining large database: A chemometric approach using principal component analysis. Marine Chemistry, 39: 217-237.
Ouyang, Y. (2005). Evaluation of river water quality monitoring stations by principal component analysis. Water Res., 39: 2621-2635.
Ouyang, Y., Nked-Kzza, P., Wy, Q.T. and D. Shinde (2006). Assessment of seasonal variation in surface water quality. Water Res., 40: 3800-3810.
Singh, K.P., Malik, A., Singh, V.K., Mohan, D. and S. Sinha (2005). Chemometric analysis of ground water quality data of alluvial aquifer of Gangetic plain, North India. Anal. Chem. Acta., 550: 82-91.
Tiwari, T.N. and M. Mishra (1985). A preliminary assignment of water quality index to major Indian rivers. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(4): 276-279.
Yagow, G. and V. Schnholtz (1996). Procedure for indexing monthly NPS pollution loads from agriculture and urban fringe watershed. In: Proceedings of watershed 96 conference (accessible in electronic format through internet at http://www.epa.gov/search 97 cgi.