Application of Fuzzy Expert System to Determine the Degree of Sustainable Development of Mineral Resources
Sustainable development of mineral resources is the result of carefully integrating environmental, economical, and social needs to achieve both an increased living standard in the short term, and maintain the equilibrium of the natural resources to support future generations. The increasing demand of the mineral resources needs sustainable exploitation of these resources. But the worldwide accepted scale to measure the sustainability is not available with us. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to determine the degree of sustainable development of the mineral resources. The methodology is based on the fuzzy logic to make the quantification of the sustainable development. Though, there are number of parameters, on which sustainable development depends, we have considered only four major parameters like availability of mineral resources, economical development, societal development, and environmental protection, to evaluate the degree of sustainable development.
Bond, R. et al. (2001). Integrated impact assessment for sustainable development: A case study approach. World Development, 29(6): 1011–1024.
Bossel, H. (1999). Indicators for sustainable development: Theory, method, applications. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg.
Hilson, G. and B. Murck (2000). Sustainable development in the mining industry: Clarifying the corporate perspective. Resources Policy, 26(4): 227–238.
Jang, J.S.R. and T. Sun (1995). Neuro-Fuzzy Modelling and Control. Proceedings of the IEEE, 83: 378–406.
Ronchi, E., Federico, A. and F. Musmeci (2002). A system oriented integrated indicator for sustainable development in Italy. Ecological Indicators, 2(1/2): 197–210.
Santos, T.M. and M.L. Zaratan (1997). Mineral resources accounting: A technique for monitoring the Philippine mining industry for sustainable development. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 15(2/3): 155–160.
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) (2001). Indicators of sustainable development: Guidelines and methodologies. United Nations, New York.
UN Division for Sustainable Development (UNDSD) (1999). Report. Fifth Expert Group Meeting on Indicators of Sustainable Development.
Yager, R.R. (1984). Approximate reasoning as a basis for rule based expert systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 14: 636–643.
Zadeh, L.A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and control,8: 338–353.
Zadeh, L.A. (1973). Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision processes. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-3:28–44.
Zadeh, L.A. (1994). Soft computing and fuzzy logic. IEEE Software, 11: 48–56.