AccScience Publishing / AJWEP / Volume 22 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.36922/AJWEP025050027
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Decoding carbon sequestration: The impact of agriculture, conservation policies, climate, and land use

Muhammad Asif Khan1,2 ,  Muhammad Khalid Anser3 ,  Bushra Usman4 ,  Agha Amad Nabi5 ,  Ishfaq Ahmad6 ,  Khalid Zaman7
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1 Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
2 Department of Research, The Sherwan Institute of Online Education (SIOE), Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
3 Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
4 Department of Business, School of Management, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
5 Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, Government College University Hyderabad, Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan
6 Lahore Business School (LBS), Faculty of Management Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
7 Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Administrative Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
AJWEP 2025, 22(1), 52–66; https://doi.org/10.36922/AJWEP025050027
Submitted: 29 January 2025 | Revised: 20 February 2025 | Accepted: 25 February 2025 | Published: 11 March 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Pakistan’s forests play avital role in mitigating climate change by absorbing and storing carbon dioxide from the air, making them essential natural carbon sinks. Achieving a balance between logging and forest preservation is necessary for the country to meet global climate goals. This study employs a robust least squares regression approach to identify the components of carbon sequestration, using quarterly time series data from 1990 Quartile 1 to 2023 Quartile 4. The findings show that agricultural income, forest preservation legislation, rainfall variability, high temperatures, and land-use changes significantly affect carbon sequestration in Pakistan. Positive changes in forest cover highlight the need for continuous afforestation and replanting efforts. However, a decline in forest carbon sink capacity due to agricultural output and land-use changes hampers climate change mitigation. The results emphasize the delicate balance between economic growth and environmental conservation. These findings suggest that addressing the challenges of climate change and land use requires specialized policies that prioritize forest conservation while managing economic costs. 

Keywords
Carbon storage potential
Sustainable forestry
Ecosystem resilience
Land management strategies
Climate variability
Environmental policy
Pakistan
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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