Groundwater Prospect Zone Mapping: A Geospatial Investigation with Decision Making in Mahendergarh District, Haryana
Groundwater is a prime resource for anthropogenic activity as agriculture, industry, and domestic use, especially in arid and semi-arid regions like Mahendergarh District, Haryana. Unsustainable extraction practices of groundwater with limited recharge rates pose significant challenges to groundwater management. This study utilised remote sensing data, hydrological parameters, geographic information systems (GIS), analytical hierarchical process, multi-decision criterion, receiver operating charts, area under curve, consistency index and constancy ratio. The present study aims to identify areas potential for groundwater extraction. Based on the above methodology, the study area is classified under good, fair, poor and very poor classes (60.82 sq. km (3.2%), 805.10 sq. km (41.8%), 839.03 sq. km. (43.4%) and 223.05 sq. km (11.6%)). By integrating these findings into a comprehensive management strategy, policymakers and stakeholders can make informed decisions to ensure the long-term viability of groundwater resources in the region.
All India Soil and Land Use Survey (1988). Watershed Atlas of India. Department of Agriculture and Corporation, Government of India, IARI Campus, New Delhi. Plate Number 10, pp. 14
Chakraborty, R., Pal, S.C., Malik, S. and B. Das (2018). Modeling and mapping of groundwater potentiality zones using AHP and GIS technique: A case study of Raniganj Block, Paschim Bardhhaman, West Bengal. Model Earth System Environ., 4: 1085-1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s40808-018-0471-8
Chander, S. (2021). Change level of groundwater in Mahendergarh district. Anthology: The Research, 6(9): 16-18.
Datta, A., Gaikwad, H., Kadam, A. and B.N. Umrikar
(2020). Evaluation of groundwater prolific zones in the unconfined basaltic aquifers of Western India using geospatial Modeling and MIF technique. Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 6: 1807-1821.. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s40808-020-00791-0
Famiglietti, J.S. (2014). The global groundwater crisis. Nature Climate Change, 4(11): 945-948. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nclimate2425`
Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M.F.P. and L.P.H. van Beek (2012). Water balance of global aquifers revealed by groundwater footprint. Nature, 488(7410): 197-200. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11295
Government of India (1991). District Gazetteer of Mahendergarh. Haryana. Government of Haryana, pp.20-
66.
Kadam, A., Wagh, V., Jacobs, J., Patil, S., Pawar, N., Umrikar, B. and S. Kumar (2021). Integrated approach for the evaluation of groundwater quality through hydro geochemistry and human health risk from Shivganga river basin, Pune, Maharashtra. India Environ Sci Pollut Res., 29: 4311-4333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15554-2
Kadam, A., Wagh, V., Patil, S., Umrikar, B. and R. Sankhua (20219). Seasonal assessment of groundwater contamination, health risk and chemometric investigation for a hard rock terrain of western India. Environ Earth Sci,80(5): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09414-y
Kaliraj, S., Chandrasekar, N. and N.S. Magesh (2014). Identification of potential groundwater recharge zones in Vaigai upper basin, Tamil Nadu, using GIS-based analytical hierarchical process (AHP) technique. Arab J Geosci, 7(4): 1385-1401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-013-0849-x
Kumar, S. (2017). Geospatial techniques based geomorphologic mapping in Fatehabad district, Haryana. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 5(4): 3780-3788
Kumar, S. (2018). Remote sensing and GIS based groundwater prospects and quality assessment in Fatehabad District, Haryana. i-Manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 14(1): 48.
Kumar, S. and R. Singh (2021). Geospatial applications in land use/land cover change detection for sustainable regional development: The case of Central Haryana,
India. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, 15(3): 81-98. https://doi.org/10.7494/geom.2021.15.3.81
Lee, S., Hyun, Y., Lee, S. and M.J. Lee (2020). Groundwater potential mapping using remote sensing and GIS-based machine learning techniques. Remote Sens, 12(7): 1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071200
Machiwal, D., Jha, M.K. and B.C. Mal (2011). Assessment of groundwater potential in a semi-arid region of India using remote sensing, GIS and MCDM techniques. Water Resource Manage, 25: 1359-1386. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11269-010-9749-y
Mukherjee, P., Singh, C.K. and S. Mukherjee (2012). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in arid region of India—A remote sensing and GIS approach. Water Resource Manag, 26: 2643-2672.
Mukherji, A. (2006). Hydrology and water resources of India. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31054-0
Pinto, D., Shrestha, S., Babel M.S. and S. Ninsawat (2017). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in the Comoro watershed, Timor Leste using GIS, remote sensing and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Appl Water Sci, 7: 503-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0270-6
Rahmati, O., Samani, A.N., Mahdavi, M., Pourghasemi, H.R. and H. Zeinivand (2015). Groundwater potential mapping at Kurdistan region of Iran using analytic hierarchy process and GIS. Arab J Geosci, 8(9): 7059-7071. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12517-014-1668-4
Rajasekhar, M., Raju, G.S. and R.S. Raju (2019). Assessment of groundwater potential zones in parts of the semi-arid region of Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India using GIS and AHP approach. Modeling Earth System Environment, 5(4): 1303-1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s40808-019-00657-0
Raju, R.S., Raju, G.S. and M. Rajasekhar (2019). Identification of groundwater potential zones in Mandavi River basin, Andhra Pradesh, India using remote sensing, GIS and MIF techniques. HydroResearch, 2: 1-11. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.hydres.2019.09.001
Sener, E. and A. Davraz (2013). Assessment of groundwater vulnerability based on a modified DRASTIC model, GIS and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method: The case of Egirdir Lake basin (Isparta, Turkey). Hydrogeol. Journal, 21(3): 701–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0947-y
Shamsudduha, M., Taylor, R.G. and L. Longuevergne(2019). Monitoring groundwater storage changes in the highly seasonal humid tropics: Validation of GRACE measurements in the Bengal Basin. Water Resources Research, 55(1): 153-172. https://doi. org/10.1029/2018WR023447
Wada, Y., van Beek, L.P.H., van Kempen, C.M., Reckman, J.W.T.M., Vasak, S. and M.F.P. Bierkens (2010). Global depletion of groundwater resources. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(20): L20402. https://doi. org/10.1029/2010GL044571
Wada, Y., Wisser, D. and M.F.P. Bierkens (2016). Global Modeling of withdrawal, allocation and consumptive use of surface water and groundwater resources. Earth System Dynamics, 5(1): 15-40. https://doi.org/10.5194/ esd-5-15-2014