Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Associated Irrigated Water, Soil and Production of Tomato around the Export Processing Zone of Bangladesh
Present study assesses the uptake and allotment of heavy metals in irrigated water, soil and tomato (Lycopersicones culentum) at the export processing zone of Bangladesh. The elemental distributions of the heavy metals in the plant organs and fruits were determined after the harvesting stage. The uptake and distribution of the three heavy metals Cd, Cr and Pb were found in the several organs of tomato in reducing pattern of green tomato>plant shoot> leaf> ripen tomato> plant root; leaf> ripen tomato> plant shoot> plant root> green tomato and plant shoot> leaf> ripen tomato> plant root> green tomato while Ni has more toxic metal in Plant root but less in ripe tomato. This outline of distribution in the plant organ showed the typical pattern of a prohibited plant with a higher concentration of metals accumulated in the plant parts than in the fruits. The reducing pattern of the bio-concentration factor (BCF) showed that the ability of tomato fruits to accumulate heavy metals was reduced as the level of contamination in plant parts.
Abollino, M., Aceto, M., Malandrino, C., Sarzanini, E., and H. Mentasti (2018). Adsorption of heavy metals on Na-montmorillonite. Effect of pH and organic substances. Water Research, 47(7): 1619-1627.
Barua, P., Rahman, S.H., and M.H. Molla (2017). Heavy metals influence in sediments and its impact on macrobenthos at shipbreaking area of Bangladesh. Asian Profile, 45(2): 88-102.
CCME (2020). Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Protection of Aquatic Life, Technical Report 80, Canada, 45 pp.
Das, S., and M. Jahan (2022). Production and profitability intervention of summer hybrid tomato: A farm level review in Bangladesh. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 14(1): 21-30.
Ddamulira, G., Isaac, O., Kiryowa, M., Akullo, R., Ajero, M., Logoose, M., Otim, A., Masika, F., Mundingotto, J., Matovu, M., and I. Ramathani (2021). Practices and constraints of tomato production among smallholder farmers in Uganda. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 21(2): 17560-17581.
FAO (2021). Global Agriculture Production Database 2020-2021. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy, 79p.
Gomes, S.H., Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.O., and J.N. Egwurugwu (2017). Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 12(1): 112-120.
Haldar, K., Roeleveld, K.K., Acharjee, T.K., Datta, D.K., and R. Huub (2022). Urban water as an alternative freshwater resource for matching irrigation demand in the Bengal delta. Science of The Total Environment, 835(1): 155-170.
Hajong, P., Sikder, B., Mondal, S., and M.A. Islam (2018). Adoption and profitability of summer tomato cultivation in Jashore District of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 43(4): 575-585.
Joksimović, D., Perošević-Bajčeta, A., Pestorić, B., Martinović, R., and N. Bošković (2021). Heavy Metals Toxicity in Sediment and the Marine Environment. In: Joksimović, D., Đurović, M., Zonn, I.S., Kostianoy, A.G., and A.V. Semenov (eds). The Montenegrin Adriatic Coast. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 110. Springer, Cham: Switzerland.
Kabata, P.A., and H. Pendias (2019). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 2nd Ed. (CRC Press, London, United Kingdom, 65pp).
Keya, S.S., Miah, M.G., Rahman, M.A., and M.T. Islam (2020). Application of Gliricidia sepium tree leaves and nitrogen fertilizer to improve tomato production and soil properties. Annuals of Bangladesh Agriculture, 24(1): 77-87.
Maureira, F., Kirti, R., Claudio O., and M. Stöckle (2022). Evaluating tomato production in open-field and high-tech greenhouse systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 337(1): 80-95.
Mitra, A., Zaman, S., and Z. Dutta (2022). Are we taking poison everyday? Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 39(3): 45-65.
Nunes, J.R., Ramos-Miras, J., Lopez-Piñeiro, A., Loures, L., Gil, C., Coelho, J. and A. Loures (2022). Concentrations of Available Heavy Metals in Mediterranean Agricultural Soils and their Relation with Some Soil Selected Properties: A Case Study in Typical Mediterranean Soils. Sustainability, 22(3): 9124-9138.
Nyalugwe, E.M., Charles, M. and K. Hilda (2022). An assessment of tomato production practices among rural farmers in major tomato growing districts in Malawi. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 18(3): 194-206.
Perumal, K., Antony, J. and S. Muthuramalingam (2021). Heavy metal pollutants and their spatial distribution in surface sediments from Thondi coast, Palk Bay, South India. Environmental Sciences Bulletin, 63(2): 80-115.
Piscitelli, C., Lavorgna, M., De Prisco, R., Coppola, E., Grilli, E. and C. Russo (2020). Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in experimental contaminated soil: Bioconcentration of potentially toxic elements and free radical scavenging evaluation. PLoS ONE, 15(8): 230-250.
Pueyo, J., Mateu, A., Rigol, M., Vidal, J.F., López-Sánchez, G. and G. Rauret (2020). Use of the modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the study of trace element dynamics in contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 160(2): 330-341.
USEPA (2020). Sediment classification methods compendium, United States Environmental Protection, New York, USA, 80p.
USEPA (2020). Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment Protocol, Toxicity Reference values of United States of Environment Program Agency. New York, USA, 120 p.
WHO (2020). Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. Technical Report Series, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 50 p.