Sawdust as Low-Cost Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals From Water
Sawdust is currently investigated as a sorbent to eliminate heavy metals from wastewater and other aqueous solutions. The raw material is relatively cheap and is available in abundance. Sawdust also helps to eradicate other contaminants, such as dyes, pesticides, phenols, toxic salts, etc. This literature discusses the elimination of heavy metals from wastewater through the help of sawdust. The composition of the sawdust, and the work done concerning the sorption of heavy metals, kinetics, adsorption isotherm, etc., are discussed in this study. The adsorption capacity of sawdust depends on the concentration of adsorbate, composition and characterisation of adsorbent, and the type of modifications. Also, the challenges faced during research are mentioned in this literature. More research should be done in this field to enhance the use of sawdust on large-scale cost-effectively
Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2021). Biochar based nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic pollutants from water and wastewater. Materials Research Bulletin, 140: 111262.
Ajmal, M., Sulaiman, A.M. and A.H. Khan (1993). Surface entrapment of toxic metals from electroplating waste and their possible recovery. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 68(3): 485-492.
Baral, S.S., Das, S.N. and P. Rath (2006). Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 31(3): 216-222.
Bashir, A., Malik, L.A., Ahad, S., Manzoor, T., Bhat, M.A., Dar, G.N. and A.H. Pandith (2019). Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous system by ion-exchange and biosorption methods. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 17(2): 729-754.
Bryant, P.S., Petersen, J.N., Lee, J.M. and T.M. Brouns (1992). Sorption of heavy metals by untreated red fir sawdust. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 34(1): 777-788.
Bulut, Y. (2007). Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19(2): 160-166.
Chen, J.P., Chen, W.R. and R.C. Hsu (1996). Biosorption of copper from aqueous solutions by plant root tissues. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 81(5): 458-463. Chen, Q., Yao, Y., Li, X., Lu, J., Zhou, J. and Z. Huang (2018). Comparison of heavy metal removals from aqueous solutions by chemical precipitation and characteristics of precipitates. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 26: 289-300.
Djeribi, R. and O. Hamdaoui (2008). Sorption of copper (II) from aqueous solutions by cedar sawdust and crushed brick. Desalination, 225(1-3): 95-112.
El Hajam, M., Kandri, N.I., Plavan, G.I., Harrath, A.H., Mansour, L., Boufahja, F. and A. Zerouale (2020). Pb2+ ions adsorption onto raw and chemically activated Dibetou sawdust: Application of experimental designs. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(3): 2176-2189.
El-Saied, F.A., Abo-Elenan, S.A. and F.H. El-Shinawy (2017). Removal of lead and copper ions from polluted aqueous solutions using nano-sawdust particles. International Journal of Waste Resources, (7): 305.
Fiset, J.F., Blais, J.F., Ben Cheikh, R. and R. Dayal Tyagi (2000). Review on metal removal from effluents by adsorption on sawdusts and wood barks. Revue des Sciences de l’Eau (France), 13(3): 325-349. Fu, F. and Q. Wang (2011). Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3): 407-418.
Gadore, V. and M. Ahmaruzzaman (2021). Tailored fly ash materials: A recent progress of their properties and applications for remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants from water. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 41: 101910.
Gan, Q., Allen, S.J. and R. Matthews (2004). Activation of waste MDF sawdust charcoal and its reactive dye adsorption characteristics. Waste Management, 24(8): 841-848.
Geay, M., Marchetti, V., Clément, A., Loubinoux, B. and P. Gérardin (2000). Decontamination of synthetic solutions containing heavy metals using chemically modified sawdusts bearing polyacrylic acid chains. Journal of Wood Science, 46(4): 331-333.
Kapur, M. and M.K. Mondal (2013). Mass transfer and related phenomena for Cr (VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions onto Mangifera indica sawdust. Chemical Engineering Journal, 218: 138-146.
Karthikeyan, T., Rajgopal, S. and L.R. Miranda (2005). Chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by Hevea brasilinesis sawdust activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 124(1-3): 192-199.
Larous, S., Meniai, A.H. and M.B. Lehocine (2005). Experimental study of the removal of copper from aqueous solutions by adsorption using sawdust. Desalination, 185(1- 3): 483-490.
Lim, J.H., Kang, H.M., Kim, L.H. and S.O. Ko (2008). Removal of heavy metals by sawdust adsorption: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Environmental Engineering Research, 13(2): 79-84.
Liu, D., Huang, Z., Li, M., Li, X., Sun, P. and I. Zhou (2020). Construction of magnetic bifunctional β-cyclodextrin nanocomposites for adsorption and degradation of persistent organic pollutants. Carbohydrate Polymers, 230: 115564.
Liu, J., Shao, J., Wang, Y., Li, J., Liu, H., Wang, A. and S. Chen (2019). Antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide–graphene quantum dot nanocomposites: Enhanced adsorption on bacterial cells by cationic capping polymers. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(19): 16264- 16273.
Michalak, I., Chojnacka, K. and A. Witek-Krowiak (2013). State of the art for the biosorption process—A review. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 170(6): 1389-1416.
Mohammed-Ziegler, I., Oszlánczi, Á., Somfai, B., Hórvölgyi, Z., Pászli, I., Holmgren, A., & Forsling, W. (2004). Surface free energy of natural and surface-modified tropical and European wood species. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 18(6): 687-713.
Munagapati, V.S., Yarramuthi, V., Nadavala, S.K., Alla, S.R. and K. Abburi (2010). Biosorption of Cu (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II) by Acacia leucocephala bark powder: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(2-3): 357-365.
Nordine, N., El Bahri, Z., Sehil, H., Fertout, R. I., Rais, Z. and Z. Bengharez (2016). Lead removal kinetics from synthetic effluents using Algerian pine, beech and fir sawdust’s: Optimization and adsorption mechanism. Applied Water Science, 6(4): 349-358.
Odozi, T.O., Okele, S. and R.B. Lartey (1985). Studies on binding metal ions with polymerized corn cob and a composite resin with sawdust and onion skin. Agricultural Wastes, 12(1): 13-21.
Park, D., Yun, Y.S. and J.M. Park (2010). The past, present, and future trends of biosorption. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 15(1): 86-102.
Rafatullah, M., Sulaiman, O., Hashim, R. and A. Ahmad (2009). Adsorption of copper (II), chromium (III), nickel (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by meranti sawdust. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170(2-3): 969- 977.
Rahman, M.S. and M.R. Islam (2009). Effects of pH on isotherms modeling for Cu (II) ions adsorption using maple wood sawdust. Chemical Engineering Journal, 149(1-3): 273-280.
Raji, C., Manju, G.N. and T.S. Anirudhan (1997). Removal of heavy metal ions from water using sawdust-based activated carbon. Indian Journal of Engineering and Material Sciences, 4: 254-260.
Sahmoune, M.N. and A.R. Yeddou (2016). Potential of sawdust materials for the removal of dyes and heavy metals: examination of isotherms and kinetics. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(50): 24019-24034.
Samarghandi, M., Azizian, S., Siboni, M., Jafari, S. and S. Rahimi (2011). Removal of divalent nickel from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto modified holly sawdust: Equilibrium and kinetics. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 8(2): 167-174.
Selvi, K., Pattabhi, S. and K. Kadirvelu (2001). Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon. Bioresource Technology, 80(1): 87-89.
Semerjian, L. (2018). Removal of heavy metals (Cu, Pb) from aqueous solutions using pine (Pinus halepensis) sawdust: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 12: 91-103.
Shukla, A., Zhang, Y.H., Dubey, P., Margrave, J.L. and S.S. Shukla (2002). The role of sawdust in the removal of unwanted materials from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 95(1-2): 137-152.
Shukla, S.R. and V.D. Skhardande (1992). Column studies on metal ion removal by dyed cellulosic materials. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 44(5): 903-910.
Sikdar, D., Goswami, S. and P. Das (2021). Synthesis of activated carbon material using sawdust as precursor and its application for dye removal: Batch study and optimization using response surface methodology. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp. 1-13.
Sis, H. and T. Uysal (2014). Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous medium using Kuluncak (Malatya) vermiculites and effect of precipitation on removal. Applied Clay Science, 95: 1-8.
Tang, X., Zheng, H., Zhao, C., Zhai, J., Liu, B., Chen, W. and F. Li (2016). Removal of dissolved organic matter from algae-polluted surface water by coagulation. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(53): 25337-25344.
Tare, V. and S. Chaudhari (1987). Evaluation of soluble and insoluble xanthate process for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. Water Research, 21(9): 1109-1118.
Wang, D., Kundert, K.L. and M.B. Emelko (2018). Optimisation and improvement of in-line filtration performance in water treatment for a typical low turbidity source water. Environmental Technology, 41(2): 181-190.
Wijayawardena, M.A.A., Megharaj, M. and R. Naidu (2016). Exposure, toxicity, health impacts, and bioavailability of heavy metal mixtures. Advances in Agronomy, 138: 175-234.
Witek-Krowiak, A. (2013). Application of beech sawdust for removal of heavy metals from water: biosorption and desorption studies. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 71(2): 227-236
Yu, B., Zhang, Y., Shukla, A., Shukla, S.S. and K.L. Dorris (2001). The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption—removal of lead and comparison of its adsorption with copper. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 84(1): 83-94.
Zhang, Z., Wang, T., Zhang, H., Liu, Y. and B. Xing (2021). Adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) by magnetic activated carbon and its mechanism. Science of The Total Environment, 757: 143910.
Zhou, Y., Lu, J., Zhou, Y. and Y. Liu (2019). Recent advances for dyes removal using novel adsorbents: A review. Environmental Pollution, 252: 352-365.