The Feasibility of Algae Treatment Treating Fecal Sludge Wastewater at Surabaya, Indonesia
This research work was preliminary, carried out to determine the performance of algae in the fecal sludge wastewater treatment. This study was conducted with a batch scale, using an algae reactor to treat fecal wastewater with high organic and nutrient contents. Cultured algae using Chlorella sp. was spiked in domestic wastewater with five days detention period. Environment conditions such as pH, dissolved oxygen, light and temperature were monitored. It was seen that light intensities directly could affect the temperature of the bioreactor. The algae reactor was able to remove 20-50% of COD, 30-40% of nitrate and 50% of phosphate. A high correlation was discovered between organic substance and nutrient removal efficiency. Reducing organic substance was pursued with increasing dissolved oxygen concentration. The microalgae process was found feasible for treating fecal sludge wastewater considering with bacteria-algae symbiosis.
Akoglu, H. (2018). User’s guide to correlation coefficients. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18: 91–93.
Ansa, E.D.O., Lubberding, H.J., Ampofo, J.A. and H.J. Gijzen (2011). The role of algae in the removal of Escherichia coli in a tropical eutrophic lake. Ecological Engineering, 37: 317–324.
Ansari, F.A., Singh, P., Guldhe, A. and F. Bux (2017). Microalgal cultivation using aquaculture wastewater: Integrated biomass generation and nutrient remediation. Algal Research, 21: 169–177.
Baird, R. and L. Bridgewater (2003). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th edition. American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.
Farahdiba, A.U., Budiantoro, W. and A. Yulianto (2019). Ammonia removal from Yogyakarta Domestic Wastewater
(WWTP-SEWON) by microalgae reactor with CO2 addition. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Farahdiba, A.U., Nurrohman, R., Desliani, A. and A. Juliany (2018). Oxidation ditch algae reactor (ODAR) for nutrient and pathogen removal in grey water system. International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST 2018) pp.918–924. Atlantis Press.
González-Camejo, J., Barat, R., Pachés, M., Murgui, M., Seco, A. and J. Ferrer (2018). Wastewater nutrient removal in a mixed microalgae–bacteria culture: Effect of light and temperature on the microalgae–bacteria competition. Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 39:503–515.
Iasimone, F., Panico, A., De Felice, V., Fantasma, F.,Iorizzi, M. and F. Pirozzi (2018). Effect of light intensity and nutrients supply on microalgae cultivated in urban wastewater: Biomass production, lipids accumulation and settleability characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management, 223: 1078–1085.
Karsten, U. and A. Holzinger (2012). Light, temperature, and desiccation effects on photosynthetic activity, and drought-induced ultrastructural changes in the green alga Klebsormidium dissectum (Streptophyta) from a high alpine soil crust. Microbial Ecology, 63: 51–63.
Liao, Q., Chang, H.X., Fu, Q., Huang, Y., Xia, A. and X. Zhu (2018). Physiological-phased kinetic characteristics of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris growth and lipid synthesis considering synergistic effects of light, carbon and nutrients.
Linke, R. (2013). September 2013. 2013 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC, 3.
Liu, W., Au, D.W.T., Anderson, D.M., Lam, P.K.S. and R.S.S. Wu (2007). Effects of nutrients, salinity, pH and light:dark cycle on the production of reactive oxygen species in the alga Chattonella marina. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 346: 76–86.
Peng, Y., Hou, H., Wang, S., Cui, Y. and Y. Zhiguo (2008). Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pilot-scale anaerobic- anoxic oxidation ditch system. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20: 398–403.
Posadas, E., Morales, M., Gomez, C., Acién, F.G. and R. Muñoz (2015). Influence of pH and CO2 source on the performance of microalgae-based secondary domestic wastewater treatment in outdoors pilot raceways. Chemical Engineering Journal, 265: 239–248.
Putra, A.H. and A.U. Farahdiba (2018). Performance of algae reactor for nutrient and organic compound removal. International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST 2018), pp. 119–125. Atlantis Press.
Selvaratnam, T., Pegallapati, A., Montelya, F., Rodriguez, G., Nirmalakhandan, N. and P.J. Lammers (2015). Feasibility of algal systems for sustainable wastewater treatment. Renewable Energy, 82: 71–76.
Singh, S.P. and P. Singh (2015). Effect of temperature and light on the growth of algae species: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50: 431–444.
Sinha, S.N., Paul, D., Halder, N., Sengupta, D. and S.K. Patra (2015). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh water green alga Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittrock and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. Applied Nanoscience, 5: 703–709.
Tang, C.C., Zuo, W., Tian, Y., Sun, N., Wang, Z.W. and J. Zhang (2016). Effect of aeration rate on performance and stability of algal-bacterial symbiosis system to treat domestic wastewater in sequencing batch reactors. Bioresource Technology, 222: 156–164.
Taziki, M., Ahmadzadeh, H. and A.M. Murry (2016). Growth of Chlorella vulgaris in high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite for wastewater treatment. Current Biotechnology,
4: 441–447.
Waveform. convert lux to ppfd. URL https://www. waveformlighting.com/horticulture/convert-lux-to-ppfd- online-calculator
Zhu, L., Wang, Z., Shu, Q., Takala, J., Hiltunen, E. and P. Feng (2013). Nutrient removal and biodiesel production by integration of freshwater algae cultivation with piggery wastewater treatment. Water Research, 47: 4294–4302.