Monitoring Humus Content of Chernozems (Black Soils) and Soil Water Pollution Rate in the Pre-Ural Forest-Steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan
The current state of the anthropogenically transformed chernozems was monitored. The study was conducted in the forest-steppe of the Bashkir Pre-Urals. The monitoring has revealed worse soil fertility, which in turn negatively affects the environment, causing water pollution as a result of the anthropogenic transformation of black soils. The paper presents monitoring results of humus content in the chernozem (black soil) transformed under anthropogenic impacts for 1965-2016. The study data demonstrates that a single lifting of planting material results in the total of carbon removed from the soil in different soil subtypes and different strata within the range of 198 to 839 kg and over per each million of seedlings. These processes bring about a significant reduction in soil organic matter, depletion of nutrients. Application of pesticides and other chemical treatment practices have a negative effect on the quality of soil water. To improve the situation it is necessary to apply grass arable rotation methods as well as phyto-reclamation practices combined with a science-based system of fertilizers.
Aipov, R.S., Yarullin, R.B., Gabitov, I.I., Mudarisov, S.G., Linenko, A.V., Farhshatov, M.N., Khasanov, E.R., Gabdrafikov, F.Z., Yukhin, G.P and R.R. Galiullin (2018). Mechatronic System Linear Swing Vibrating Screen of a Grain Cleaner. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 13: 6473-6477.
Arinushkina, E.V. (1961). A handbook of chemical analysis of soils. Moscow. MGU Publ.
Aruna Kumari, A. and K. Ravindhranath (2018). Removal of Aluminum (III) from Polluted Water Using Active Carbon Derived from Barks of Ficus Racemosa Plant. Asian J. Water Environ. Pollut., 15(1): 23-39.
Chernova, O.V. and O.S. Bezuglova (2016). Black soils of the protected areas as standards of plowed counterparts of the Red Book soils. Ecosystems of Central Asia: Research, conservation, rational use. Proceedings of the 13th Ubsunur International Symposium. Kyzyl, TuvGU Publ.
Churagulova, Z.S. (2003). Soils of forest nurseries of the Southern Urals: Properties, changes, optimization. Moscow: TISSO Publ.
Cotching, W.E. (2018). Organic matter in the agricultural soils of Tasmania, Australia – A review. Geoderma, 312: 170-182.de Andrade Bonetti, J., Anghinoni, I., de Moraes, M.T and J.R. Fink (2017). Resilience of soils with different texture, mineralogy and organic matter under long-term conservation systems. Soil Tillage Res, 174: 104-112.
Domozhakova, E.A. and D.A. Sokolov (2016). Lithogenic potential of humus accumulation of soils of the Turan- Uyuk basin (Tuva). Ecosystems of Central Asia: Research, conservation, rational use. Proceedings of the 13th Ubsunur International Symposium, Kyzyl, TuvGU Publ.
Dostova, T.M. (2015). Assessment of changes in the amphiphilic properties of humus soils of the Orenburg pre-Urals under the impact of agricultural use. Reflection of bio-geo-anthropospheric interactions in soils and soil cover. Proceedings of the 5th International scientific conference dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the Soil management and ecology department of Tomsk state university. Tomsk. Publishing House of Tomsk state University.
Eldor, P.A. (2016). The nature and dynamics of soil organic matter: Plant inputs, microbial transformations, and organic matter stabilization. Soil Biol Biochem, 98: 109-126.
Ermakov, V.V., Gulyaeva, U.A., Tyutikov, S.F., Kuz’mina, T.G. and V.A. Safonov (2017). Biogeochemistry of calcium and strontium in the landscapes of eastern Transbaikalia. Geochemistry International, 55(12): 1105-1117.
Ishbulatov, M.G., Churagulova, Z.S and L.R. Yumaguzina (2011). Change in the properties of soils of the forest ecosystem under the influence of anthropogenic loads.
Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13(39): 1200-1203.
Kashtanov, A.N. (2000). Concept of sustainable arable farming in Russia. Arable Farming, 3: 10-11.
Kotchenko, S.G. and A.Ya. Voronin (2016). Dynamics of fertility of arable soils of Tyumen region. Advancements Science and Technology of the Agro-industrial Complex,
30(7): 41-43.
Kulikova, A.Kh., Nikitin, S.N. and G.V. Saydyasheva (2017). Effect of fertilizers on the content and balance of humus in leached black soil when cultivating crops in arable cultivated crop rotation. Agrochemistry, 12: 7-14.
Li, Z., Liang, D., Peng, Q., Cui, Z., Huang, J and Z. Lin
(2017). Interaction between selenium and soil organic matter and its impact on soil selenium bioavailability: A review. Geoderma, 295: 69-79.
Mudarisov, S., Khasanov, E., Rakhimov, Z., Gabitov, I., Badretdinov, I., Farchutdinov, I., Gallyamov, F., Davletshin, M., Aipov, R. and R. Jarullin (2017). Specifying Two- Phase Flow in Modeling Pneumatic Systems Performance of Farm Machines. JMERD, 40(4): 706-715.
Orlov, D.S., Biryukova, O.N. and N.I. Sukhanova (1996). Organic matter of soils in the Russian Federation. Moscow, Nauka Publ.
Paul, E.A. (2016). The nature and dynamics of soil organic matter: Plant inputs, microbial transformations, and organic matter stabilization. Soil BiolBiochem, 98: 109-126.
Schaeffer, A., Nannipieri, P., Kästner, M., Schmidt, B. and J. Botterweck (2015). From humic substances to soil organic matter–microbial contributions. In honour of Konrad Haider and James P. Martin for their outstanding research contribution to soil science. J Soil Sediment,
15(9): 1865-1881.
Shyshov, L.L., Tonkonogov, V.D., Lebedev, I.I. and M.I. Gerasimov (2004). Classification and diagnostics of Russian soils. Smolensk. Oykumena Publ.
Swanepoel, C.M., Van der Laan, M., Weepener, H.L., Du Preez, C.C. and J.G. Annandale (2016). Review and meta- analysis of organic matter in cultivated soils in southern Africa. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys, 104(2): 107-123.
Vodyanitskii, Yu.N. (2015). Organic matter of urban soils: A review. Eurasian Soil Sci, 48(8): 802-811.