Remedies and Their Effectiveness for Ensuring Environmental Compliance: Evidences from Gujarat, India
Environmental compliance in the fast developing countries has been an area of interest for researchers to find out how sustainable growth can be achieved without compromising on environment. In India, agencies responsible for enforcement of environmental laws are resource scarce and juxtaposing this with the pace of industrial development, it raises serious concerns about how effective enforcement of environmental laws can be managed. This paper analyses the effectiveness of various remedies available for ensuring environmental compliance. The methodology included identification of remedies available for ensuring environmental compliance, identification of parameters for measuring their effectiveness and then selecting a few cases for detailed study. The analysis suggests that the powers delegated to State Pollution Control Board for issuing closure directions to polluting industries is the most effective remedy and has been resorted to the maximum by Pollution Control Boards in the recent past. However, complete reliance on this remedy by regulatory institutions may lead to ‘rent seeking.’
Adams, W.M. (2001). Green Development: Environment Sustainability in Third World Countries. Routledge, London.
ASCI(2009).RetrievedOctober4,2012,fromhttp://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/analysis_of_existing_environmental_instruments_in_india.pdf.
CSO (2013). Datbook for DCH. Government of India, New Delhi.
Curmally,A(2002).EnvironmentandRehabilitation.IndiaInfrastructure.RetrievedOctober5,2012,fromhttp://www.iitk.ac.in/3inetwork/html/reports/IIR2002/chap%205.pdf.
Gupta, K.P. (2003). International Journal of Business & Economics. Retrieved October 2012, 5, from http://www.ijbe.org/: http://www.ijbe.org/table%20of%20content/pdf/vol2-1/02.pdf.
IFMR (2012). Environmental Sustainability Index for Indian States. Retrieved from http://www.greenindiastandards.com/index.php: http://www.greenindiastandards.com/esi-rankings.php?src=rank.
Industries Commissionerate, G. (2006-2010).
Kathuria, V. and G.S. Haripriya (2000). Industrial Pollution Control: Choosing the Right Option. EPW, XXXV(43-44), 3870-3878.
OECD (2006). Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in India : Rapid Assessment. Retrieved October 2012, 5, from OECD: Better Policies for Better Lives: http://www.oecd.org/environment/nvironmentinemergingandtransitioneconomies/37838061.pdf
Planning Commission of India (2000). Evaluation Study of Functioning of State Pollution Control Boards. Retrieved October 2005, 5, from Planning Commission, Government of India: http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/peoreport/peoevalu/index.php?repts=peostatpoll.htm.
Rajagopalan, S. (2010). The Polluter does not pay model for environmental protection in India. Retrieved October 5, 2012, from European Master in Law & Economics: http://www.emle.org/_data/Shruti_Rajagopalan_The_Polluter_Does_Not_Pay_Model_for_Environmental_Protection_in_India.pdf.
Rangrajan, R. (2009). Environmental Policy: Citizens, Institutions, & Implementation. Retrieved October 6, 2012, from http://cdf.ifmr.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Working-paper_env-enf-gaps_final.pdf.
Rosencranz, A., Divan, S. and M.L.Noble (1991). Environmental law and Policy in India. Oxford University Press, Mumbai.
Solanki, Ankit (2012). Remedies & Their Effectiveness in Environmental Compliance. MPlan Thesis. CEPT University